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During the 20th century there was a tendency to cut down on the amount of labour expended on marking a pipe. McDougall was abbreviated to DWD and finally replaced by an adhesive label. The name process can be seen with White’s pipes involving a contraction from W.White to WW. Although this contraction may have had a broad chronological basis, large stores of moulds meant that a number of different stem markings could be in use at any one time.The degree of marking could also vary according to the price paid.

During the 20th century there was a tendency to cut down on the amount of labour expended on marking a pipe. McDougall was abbreviated to DWD and finally replaced by an adhesive label. The name process can be seen with White’s pipes involving a contraction from W.White to WW. Although this contraction may have had a broad chronological basis, large stores of moulds meant that a number of different stem markings could be in use at any one time.

WW

14, 000

"given in be sundrie nighbouris in Saltmercat Street anent that hous sett up by Alexander McKinnie for drying his pyps" 1667

)))

The radio stutters, knocked off signal by trains underfoot. pipes roll of the tables clattering all over the floor, clinking ceramic chips the ear.
The building turns in its sleep, disturbing doves from the eaves.

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